الصحة النفسية
Anxiety levels, thought and speech terms, key facts.
الصحة النفسية
Levels of anxiety
| Level | Features |
|---|---|
| Mild | Alert, learning improves |
| Moderate | Narrowed focus; can follow directions |
| Severe | Very narrow focus, distorted perception, sweating, purposeless activity |
| Panic | Loss of control, cannot function — stay with the patient and keep them safe |
Speech, thought & perception
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Clang association | Words linked by sound or rhyme: 'shop, hop, top' |
| Echolalia | Repeating another person's words |
| Palilalia | Repeating one's own words or syllables: 'boat, boat, boat' |
| Word salad | A jumble of words with no meaning |
| Neologism | Invented words |
| Flight of ideas | Rapid jumping between loosely connected topics (mania) |
| Thought blocking | Sudden stop mid-sentence |
| Hallucination | Perception without a stimulus |
| Illusion | Misinterpreting a real stimulus (IV tubing seen as a snake) |
| Delusion | Fixed false belief |
Key facts
- Neurotransmitters: dopamine excess → schizophrenia; low serotonin and norepinephrine → depression; low acetylcholine → Alzheimer; low dopamine → Parkinson.
- Grief (Kübler-Ross): denial → anger → bargaining ('if I live until…') → depression → acceptance.
- Bipolar I = mania; bipolar II = hypomania + major depression; cyclothymia = 2+ years of hypomanic and mild depressive symptoms.
- Anorexia: intense fear of weight gain, restriction, distorted body image. Bulimia: binge and purge, often normal weight, metabolic alkalosis from vomiting.
- Intellectual disability by IQ: mild 50–70, moderate 35–49, severe 20–34, profound < 20.
- OCD rituals reduce anxiety — don't interrupt them abruptly; set limits gradually.
- Therapeutic communication: open-ended questions, silence, reflecting, exploring feelings. Avoid false reassurance, 'why' questions, giving advice and changing the subject.
- Separation anxiety in hospitalised toddlers: protest → despair → detachment.
اختبر نفسك الآن
56 سؤالاً بنمط الاختبار في الصحة النفسية، مع شرح لكل خيار. حساب مجاني بدون بطاقة.
تدرّب مجاناً