الأعصاب القحفية

Function and bedside test for all 12 nerves.

الأعصاب

The 12 cranial nerves

Nerve	Function	How to test
I — Olfactory	Smell	Eyes closed, identify a familiar smell (coffee, soap) in each nostril
II — Optic	Vision	Snellen chart, visual fields, fundoscopy
III — Oculomotor	Most eye movements, pupil constriction, eyelid elevation	Pupils (PERRLA), follow a finger in an H pattern
IV — Trochlear	Eye movement down and in (superior oblique)	H pattern
V — Trigeminal	Facial sensation, chewing, corneal reflex	Light touch or pinprick on forehead, cheek, jaw; clench the jaw
VI — Abducens	Lateral eye movement	Look to each side
VII — Facial	Facial expression; taste, front 2/3 of tongue	Raise eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks; sweet or salty taste
VIII — Vestibulocochlear	Hearing and balance	Whisper test, Weber (tuning fork on forehead), Rinne (mastoid then beside ear); Romberg
IX — Glossopharyngeal	Taste, back 1/3 of tongue; swallowing; gag	Tongue depressor and penlight; gag reflex
X — Vagus	Swallowing, voice, gag, uvula; parasympathetic to heart and gut	Say 'ah' — uvula midline, palate rises; gag
XI — Accessory	Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius	Shrug shoulders and turn head against resistance
XII — Hypoglossal	Tongue movement	Stick out tongue — midline; deviates toward the lesion

Names: Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, Ah Heaven.
Sensory / motor / both: Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More.
Tooth and facial pain → trigeminal (V). Bell palsy → facial (VII). Gag reflex → IX and X.
Weber: lateralises to the affected ear in conductive loss and to the good ear in sensorineural loss.

اختبر نفسك الآن

40 سؤالاً بنمط الاختبار في الأعصاب، مع شرح لكل خيار. حساب مجاني بدون بطاقة.

Function and bedside test for all 12 nerves.

الأعصاب

Nerve	Function	How to test
I — Olfactory	Smell	Eyes closed, identify a familiar smell (coffee, soap) in each nostril
II — Optic	Vision	Snellen chart, visual fields, fundoscopy
III — Oculomotor	Most eye movements, pupil constriction, eyelid elevation	Pupils (PERRLA), follow a finger in an H pattern
IV — Trochlear	Eye movement down and in (superior oblique)	H pattern
V — Trigeminal	Facial sensation, chewing, corneal reflex	Light touch or pinprick on forehead, cheek, jaw; clench the jaw
VI — Abducens	Lateral eye movement	Look to each side
VII — Facial	Facial expression; taste, front 2/3 of tongue	Raise eyebrows, smile, puff cheeks; sweet or salty taste
VIII — Vestibulocochlear	Hearing and balance	Whisper test, Weber (tuning fork on forehead), Rinne (mastoid then beside ear); Romberg
IX — Glossopharyngeal	Taste, back 1/3 of tongue; swallowing; gag	Tongue depressor and penlight; gag reflex
X — Vagus	Swallowing, voice, gag, uvula; parasympathetic to heart and gut	Say 'ah' — uvula midline, palate rises; gag
XI — Accessory	Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius	Shrug shoulders and turn head against resistance
XII — Hypoglossal	Tongue movement	Stick out tongue — midline; deviates toward the lesion

Names: Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, Ah Heaven.
Sensory / motor / both: Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More.
Tooth and facial pain → trigeminal (V). Bell palsy → facial (VII). Gag reflex → IX and X.
Weber: lateralises to the affected ear in conductive loss and to the good ear in sensorineural loss.

اختبر نفسك الآن

40 سؤالاً بنمط الاختبار في الأعصاب، مع شرح لكل خيار. حساب مجاني بدون بطاقة.